The short form version of c-Maf transcription factor is up-regulated in steroid-treated and transforming growth factor beta2-treated trabecular meshwork cells, and is present at elevated levels in glaucomatous versus normal trabecular meshwork cells and in glaucomatous versus normal optic nerve head tissue. Expression of short form c-Maf transcription factor under these conditions indicates a causal or effector role for the factor in primary open-angle and steroid-induced glaucoma pathogenesis. Antagonism of short form c-Maf transcription factor expression and/or activity in the trabecular meshwork or other ocular tissue is provided for inhibiting or alleviating glaucoma pathogenesis. Antagonists include cyclin-dependent kinase 2 inhibitors.